Hi Tobias,
If this only fixes the issue on one server, I guess re-installing the driver was not the reason why it started working again?
In my case the setup is this: One server running Windows Server 2012 with SQL 2014 Developer Edition (not working with newest version of mssql.vbs). One server running Windows Server 2019 with SQL 2012 Standard AND SQL 2019 Standard (working).