Wow, this is some serious troubleshooting and reporting, thanks a lot @linux-party! I cannot give you a badge for that, but consider this token of appreciation: 
Also, a warm welcome to the community! 
Just pinging @moritz here real quick, maybe he has some thoughts on your post.
I get two main thoughts from your troubleshooting:
- The issue occurs on CentOS/Alma/Rocky exclusively, not on RHEL, while a fully patched CentOS 8 seems to work fine.
- The most recent (unreleased) linux agent seems to fix the issue too.
Are those conclusions right from your point of view?